Religion had always played a pivotal role in the lives of people in
Vietnam. Vietnam's religious beliefs were a mix of Buddhism,
Confucianism and local customs. Christianity looked down upon their
reverence for the supernatural. In 1868, the Scholars' Revolt protested
against the tyrannical spread of Christianity, and though the movement
was defeated, it inspired others to follow suit. The Hoa Hoa movement
in 1939 drew upon popular religious ideas of the nineteenth century,
and its leader Huynh Phu So was a famous entity. These groups were not
in tandem with political parties which tended to look down upon their
activities with discomfort. Nevertheless, religious movements were
successful in arousing anti-imperialist tendencies in the Vietnamese
people.
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