The Social, economic and political conditions in Russia before
1905 was backward:
→ Social Conditions: 85% of Russia's population was
agriculturist. Industry was existent, but rarely in which most of
was privately owned. Workers were divided on the basis of their
occupation. They mainly migrated to cities for employment in
factories. The peasant community was deeply religious, but did
not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must
be divided amongst themselves.
→ Economic Condition: Russia was going through bad period
economically. Prices of essential good rises while real wages
decreased by 20% leading to the famous St.Petersburg
strike This strike started a series of events that are together
known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there
were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and
various professionals and workers established the Union of
Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent
assembly.
→ Political Condition: Political parties were illegal before
1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was
founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marx’s ideas. In
1903, this party was divided into two groups - Mensheviks and
Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, who were in majority, were led by
Lenin who is regarded as the greatest thinker on socialism after
Marx.
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